Mark,
我分享一下我个人的经验。我合作过的团队使用逐词对照工具(Interlinearizer)来制作回译。它确实会产生非常直译的翻译,其中带有一些当地语言语法的韵味。当他们批准注释时,这些注释会被导出到回译本身中。如果回译不够易懂,他们随时可以进入其中进行调整。对于能够理解非常直译的翻译,或者已经对其所处理语言的语法/结构有一定了解的顾问来说,这一整套流程效果非常好。
如果使用回译的顾问难以理解这种更直译的风格,那么手动回译可能更好。如果母语语言与回译语言差异太大,逐词对照工具可能永远无法产生非常可读的内容,此时手动回译可能更好。
逐词对照工具(Interlinearizer):通常更快,在翻译的每个阶段都更容易更新。可能更好地反映原文的结构或语法。可能不够清晰或自然,无法解决顾问的疑虑。
手动回译:产生更自然的结果,可能更好地传达文本将被理解的方式。可能会掩盖结构问题或隐藏错误(译者可以写出他们认为应该说的内容,而不是他们实际写下的内容)。
我认为主要的限制因素在于谁将使用回译,以及它需要多清晰。如果使用它的顾问能够理解逐词对照回译中那种略显直译的风格,并且回译不需要非常清晰/自然,那么逐词对照工具是一个很好的选择。如果顾问需要更清晰/自然的翻译,或者回译有其他用途且要求高质量,那么手动回译可能更好。
另一个限制因素。逐词对照工具对于词素极少的语言特别有效。例如,对于多式综合语(aglutinating languages),由于单词包含许多词素,逐词对照需要更多的工作。但对于词素较少的语言,Paratext 可以在最少额外输入的情况下非常准确地猜测正确的注释。我处理的班图语系语言由于时态/体貌、主语、宾语等存在许多变体。所有这些变化意味着 Paratext 需要更长的时间来猜测所有可能组合的良好注释。但即便如此,逐词对照工具在减少我们花在回译上的时间方面仍然非常有帮助。
Mark,
I’ll share my own experience. The teams I have worked with use the Interlinearizer to produce their back translations. It does produce a very literal translation, which carries with it some of the flavor of the grammar of the local language. When they approve the glosses, they’re exported to the back translation itself. They can always go in and tweak that back translation if it isn’t understandable. This whole process works great for consultants who are able to understand a very literal translation, or who already have some familiarity with the grammar/structure of the languages they’re working with.
If the consultants who will use the back translation will struggle to understand that more literal style, then a manual back translation could be better. If the mother tongue language and the back translation language are too dissimilar, then the Interlinearizer may never produce something very readable, and a manual back translation might be better.
Interlinearizer: Generally quicker, easier to update at each stage of translation. May better reflect the structure or grammar of the original text. May not be clear or natural enough to resolve a consultant’s concerns.
Manual Back Translation: Produces a more natural sounding result, may better convey how the text will be understood. May conceal structural issues or may hide mistakes (the translator can write what they think it should say rather than what they’ve actually written).
I think the main restraints then, will be on who will use the back translation and how clear it needs to be. If the consultants using it will can understand the somewhat literal style of an Interlinearized back translation, and if the back translation does not need to be very clear/natural, then the Interlinearizer is a great choice. If the consultants require a more clear/natural translation, or if the back translation will have other uses that require it to be high quality, then a manual back translation could be better.
One other constraint. The Interlinearizer will work especially well for languages with words with minimal morphemes. For example, with aglutinating languages, where words have many morphemes, the Interlinear requires a bit more work. But for languages where words have few morphemes, Paratext can get very good at guessing correct glosses with minimal extra input. The Bantu languages I work with have many variants due to tense/aspect, subject, object, etc. All of that variation means that Paratext takes longer to guess good glosses for every possible combination. But even so, the Interlinearizer is very helpful in reducing the time we spend working on back translation.
机器翻译自 English 显示原文